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| 2. |
ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
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The following accounting policies have been applied consistently in dealing with items which are considered material in relation to the company’s financial statements. |
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Statement of compliance |
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The financial statements of the company for the year ended 31 August 2017 have been prepared in accordance with the provisions of FRS 102 Section 1A (Small Entities) and the Companies Act 2006. |
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Basis of preparation |
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The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention except for certain properties and financial instruments that are measured at revalued amounts or fair values, as explained in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for assets. The following accounting policies have been applied consistently in dealing with items which are considered material in relation to the company's financial statements. |
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Cash flow statement |
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The company has availed of the exemption in FRS 102 Section 1A from the requirement to prepare a Statement of Cash Flows because it is classified as a small company. |
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Revenue |
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Revenue is recognised to the extent that the company obtains the right to consideration in exchange for its performance. Revenue comprises the fair value of consideration received and receivable exclusive of value added tax and after discounts and rebates.
Where the consideration receivable in cash or cash equivalents is deferred, and the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, the fair value of the consideration is measured as the present value of all future receipts using the imputed rate of interest.
Revenue from the provision of services is recognised in the accounting period in which the services are rendered and the outcome of the contract can be estimated reliably. The company uses the percentage of completion method based on the actual service performed as a percentage of the total services to be provided. |
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Property, plant and equipment and depreciation |
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Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost or at valuation, less accumulated depreciation. The charge to depreciation is calculated to write off the original cost or valuation of property, plant and equipment, less their estimated residual value, over their expected useful lives as follows: |
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Long leasehold investment property |
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2% Straight line |
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The carrying values of tangible fixed assets are reviewed annually for impairment in periods if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. |
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Investment properties |
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Investment property whose fair value can be measured reliably without undue cost or effort is measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the Income Statement. Revalued investment properties are not depreciated or amortised, unless the fair value cannot be measured reliably or without undue cost or effort.
Not depreciating or amortising property is a departure from the requirement of Company Law to provide depreciation on all fixed assets which have a limited useful life. However, these investment properties are not held for consumption but for investment and the directors consider that systematic annual depreciation would be inappropriate. The accounting policy adopted is therefore necessary for the financial statements to give a true and fair view. If depreciation were to be provided it would be provided at a rate of fifty years per annum on the revalued amount. |
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Trade and other receivables |
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Trade and other debtors are initially recognised at fair value and thereafter stated at amortised cost using the effective interest method less impairment losses for bad and doubtful debts except where the effect of discounting would be immaterial. In such cases the receivables are stated at cost less impairment losses for bad and doubtful debts. |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand, demand deposits with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less and bank overdrafts. In the Abridged Statement of Financial Position bank overdrafts are shown within Payables. |
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Borrowing costs |
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Borrowing costs relating to the acquisition of assets are capitalised at the appropriate rate by adding them to the cost of assets being acquired. Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on the assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation. All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred. |
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Trade and other payables |
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Trade and other creditors are initially recognised at fair value and thereafter stated at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. |
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Taxation and deferred taxation |
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Current tax represents the amount expected to be paid or recovered in respect of taxable profits for the year and is calculated using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the Statement of Financial Position date.
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date where transactions or events have occurred at that date that will result in an obligation to pay more tax in the future, or a right to pay less tax in the future. Timing differences are temporary differences between the company's taxable profits and its results as stated in the financial statements.
Deferred tax is measured on an undiscounted basis at the tax rates that are anticipated to apply in the periods in which the timing differences are expected to reverse, based on tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. |
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Foreign currencies |
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Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates of exchange ruling at the Statement of Financial Position date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the rates of exchange ruling at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. The resulting exchange differences are dealt with in the Income Statement. |
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Share capital of the company |
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Ordinary share capital |
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The ordinary share capital of the company is presented as equity. |
