TaxationThe taxation expense represents the aggregate amount of current and deferred tax recognised in thereporting period. Tax is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income, except to the extent thatit relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in capital and reserves. In thiscase, tax is recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in capital and reserves, respectively.Current tax is recognised on taxable profit for the current and past periods. Current tax is measured atthe amounts of tax expected to pay or recover using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted orsubstantively enacted at the reporting date.Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences at the reporting date. Unrelieved taxlosses and other deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will berecovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Deferred tax ismeasured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by thereporting date that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference.Government grantsGovernment grants are recognised at the fair value of the asset received or receivable. Grants are notrecognised until there is reasonable assurance that the company will comply with the conditionsattaching to them and the grants will be received.Government grants are recognised using the accrual model and the performance model.Under the accrual model, government grants relating to revenue are recognised on a systematic basisover the periods in which the company recognises the related costs for which the grant is intended tocompensate. Grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or forthe purpose of giving immediate financial support to the entity with no future related costs arerecognised in income in the period in which it becomes receivable.Grants relating to assets are recognised in income on a systematic basis over the expected useful lifeof the asset. Where part of a grant relating to an asset is deferred, it is recognised as deferred incomeand not deducted from the carrying amount of the asset.Under the performance model, where the grant does not impose specified future performance-relatedconditions on the recipient, it is recognised in income when the grant proceeds are received orreceivable. Where the grant does impose specified future performance-related conditions on therecipient, it is recognised in income only when the performance-related conditions have been met.Where grants received are prior to satisfying the revenue recognition criteria, they are recognised as aliability.Defined contribution plansContributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as an expense in the period in which therelated service is provided. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that theprepayment will lead to a reduction in future payments or a cash refund.When contributions are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months of the end of the reportingdate in which the employees render the related service, the liability is measured on a discountedpresent value basis. The unwinding of the discount is recognised in finance costs in profit or loss in theperiod in which it arises.